Criminal Justice- Ethics Policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice- Ethics Policy - Term Paper ExampleThe ethical policy of the brutal arbitrator system is to be based on the values where the members of the Academy should respect the dignity, worth and matures of every individual even though they are criminal. This should be the posterior of the ethical policy that is to be established for the criminal justice agency. It is necessary to inculcate the actual meaning of ethics in the minds of the members of the agency in array to truly and ethically establish the ethical policies in the agency (Pollock 1998). It is highly necessary to first educate the members of the agency about the importance of ethics in criminal justice. I, as the Head of the criminal justice agency, will first educate my members of the agency about values and importance of ethics in criminal justice system before establishing the same. At the same time the local community and neighborhood watch program should also be considered.The best expressive style is to involve the members of the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), which has over 14000 members in 68 countries. The reason for utilizing them for draught the document is that they make the most universally representative jurisprudence association. The IACP always emphasizes the needs and importance of ethics training in law enforcement agencies. Hence there cannot anything better than them to draft the document. They are the most experienced and right people for this job (Souryal, 2010). There will at least a few members of this universal body be available who can take the booster cable in drafting the document. One aspect that is worth mentioning is incorporation of code of ethics outlining standards of professional conduct in the IACP rule making them the choice of drafting the document.As mentioned earlier the ethical code of conduct outlining the standards of professional in the IACP rule would be the biggest reference for drafting the ethical code document for the

Microsoft Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microsoft - Research Proposal ExampleAlso, the position which management would have in regards to the technology decisions. Areas, duration unique in nature and purpose, can come together to form the bigger picture. That is, a companies ability to achieve a more prosperous state. In regards to the Human Resources DepartmentPeople argon Microsofts greatest asset. Human Resources is responsible for identifying, hiring, and retaining this gifted intellectual talent, as swell as developing and administering Microsofts generous pay and benefits programs in order to create a quality employee experience. We help maintain Microsofts fulfilling work environment, which is a catalyst for great achievements, Adding that, Human Resources ensures that a diverse image of candidates is considered for opportunities. We believe that hiring exceptional, diverse talent gives Microsoft unlimited potential. The result is enhanced product development and employee performance, as well a s a connection with communities everywhere, (Human Resources, p.1)In respect to the function of management in Human Resources decisions, the hierarchical structure of the company maintains a level of great appreciation for its hiring practices. Being that, those whom they hire, ar up to(p) to continuously perform at such levels, that the company itself is able to see continued grow and the employees are able to grow along with it. As farther as management is concerned, by providing a work environment that fosters growth and greater learning, the achievements made by their workers are far greater in return. As a major participant in the advancement of technological discovery, Microsoft seeks to maintain a corporate image that fosters an impression of excellence in products created, as well as a level of staff that exhibits through performance, the same level of quality and reliability that many have come to expect when purchasing a Microsoft created item. In the outlining of cl ear expectations for corporate practices, management can enforce the expectations which they have on the basis that, as are the decision making body for the corporation, they are the ones who possess within them the ability to produce results that, in the end, provide for the best possible results for the greatest number of people. From a standpoint of considering how any change in management can impact further technology, the function of management is placed into greater detail with the announced corporate transition, as a result of board Gates stepping aside to pursue other endeavors. In the outlining of clear expectations for corporate practices, management can enforce the expectations which they have on the basis that, as are the decision making body for the corporation, they are the ones that possess within them the ability to produce results that, in the end, provide for the best possible results for the greatest number of people. As it standsThe question is whether Microsoft can compete as effectively without its founder. Ballmer, who took over as CEO from Gates in 2000 after 20 years as his describe exec, is confident it can. That transition had been rough for both parties according to Ballmer, it took a while

Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction Research Paper

Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction - Research Paper mannequinCustomer comfort is the outcome felt by those who have experienced a clubs capital punishment that met or exceeded their expectations. Some researchers highlighted the importance of node satisfaction and do see that customer satisfaction has a positive effect on organizations profitability. Evidence also shows the positive fellowship between customer satisfaction, loyalty and retention. Customer loyalty refers to a deeply held commitment to re-buy a preferred product or service in the prox despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behavior. The aim of this research is to study the impact of service caliber on both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and the overall effect on business and profitability. Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Problem Statement This research studies the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction which in turn affects the ov erall business performance and accordingly the overall organizational profits and its market value. 1.2 Importance of the study In todays dynamic market, competition has become very tough and the product no more became the competitive advantage, in contrast the service quality became the driver of todays business and what differentiates organizations as todays customer became more sophisticated and much more knowledgeable with access to orbicular markets and information, accordingly, customer satisfaction became the center of attention and organizations heading more and more towards a customer centered perspective 1.3 Research Questions Does service quality genuinely matter? What kind of competition exists in todays marketplace? What is customer satisfaction? Can it be measured? Does customer satisfaction snuff it to customer loyalty? What is the relation between quality of service and customer satisfaction? How can customer satisfaction impact the business performance and compan y value? Chapter Two Service quality 2.1 Service Quality in a Nutshell Service quality is a concept that defines the relationship between expectations and performance of a business. It is based on the knowledge that a company with high quality of service will fulfill the needs of the customer while retaining their economical competitiveness (Jean, 2000). Economic rivalry is increased by the improvement in the quality of service. This objective may be attained by comprehending and developing the usable methods, recognizing the problem swiftly and categorically creating an authentic and dependable service delivery measures and assessing the satisfaction of customers and other performance output. In other words, service quality is a term that is applied by a companys administration to define the success in service. It replicates at every service delivery. Customers draw their anticipations from their preceding(prenominal) experiences, adverts and from word of mouth (Anand, 2010). Un iversally, consumers contrast the service obtained with anticipated whereby in case the former is underachieved compared to the latter the consumers get dissatisfied. 2.2 Is Service Quality that Important? One of the real parts of the quality management is giving the customer service required. The business has faith in giving

The Spherical Spatial Designs and Its Meanings in The Pantheon, Rome Term Paper

The Spherical Spatial Designs and Its Meanings in The Pantheon, Rome - Term Paper ExampleBy looking at the vast span of the empire at that time, dome structures was almost everywhere. From the temples, churches, up to the administrative buildings, the dome was a clear Roman comment in the Roman urban zones. By looking at the existing structures of today, it is clear that the Romans directly influenced modern day engineers and architects. Arenas, stadiums and government buildings are the favored pieces that map the classical Roman built. In fact, the Capitol Hill in Washington D.C. in the US is one of the premier heirs of this type of architecture. Also, the presence of St. Peters basilica in the Vatican could also attest to the influence of the Romans. Indeed, the fall of Rome did not hinder the end of its influential art and architecture. From the Middle-Ages, the Renaissance, up to the dawn of the 18th to the nineteenth centuries, the spirit of the Romans are present in building structures. With the remarkable Pantheon as the culmination of the ingenious Roman dome, this paper would concentrate on the spherical spacial design of the structure. It will explain the prevalence of these kinds of structures and their significance in the Roman society at that time. By historicizing the Pantheon and narrating the context when it was built, this paper would arrive to a close together(predicate) answer that pertains to the meanings of the spheres and curvatures that dominate the Pantheon. This paper will then delve into a more focused analysis of its interior. It will try to connect the presence of the pillars to the brilliance of the spherical feel that the Pantheon creates in its layout. The utter shift from a pagan to a Christian worship will also be explained in this paper. The richness of the dome to the pagans and the Christians will be viewed as varying interpretations based on their respective tenets and beliefs. This paper on the Pantheons spherical bui lt is intended to vomit light on the mysteries that surround the architecture of this Roman structure. By the end of this study, it should give a clear understanding on the harmony and the coordination of every gunpoint within the Pantheon. The different interpretations of the pagan and Christian should be evident and conclusive as well. For the fulfilment of this research, it will take into account various secondary sources such as books and journal articles. The historical methodology will be used in order to corroborate information and to explain the arguments of the topic at hand. The Roman Context the Pantheon and the Society in the 1st Century Before doing an analysis on the predominance of the spherical Roman structures and its obvious use in the Pantheon, a brief narrative of the Roman society should be explained in order to contextualize the matter at hand. During the 1st century, the Roman Republic had been expanding rapidly and was transforming into an empire. The prin ciple of expansionism was the main(a) rationale of the Romans will to subject the whole Mediterranean under its control. At the dawn of that century, the concept of the republic was rightfully replaced with the title of the empire, primarily due to the vast expanse of its territories (Hollister, 183-189). Under the Principate, the leadership of the princep or the first prince caused a conquest which produced frontiers from the Tigris-Euphrates Valley in the east, the Atlantic in

Emergency Preparedness Disaster Plan for state of California Essay

Emergency Preparedness Disaster Plan for state of atomic number 20 - Essay ExampleHowever, with a specific instruction on the California State, several(prenominal) incidences of earthquakes as well up as other disasters have rocked the region. Following this, a number of organizations have put forward several disaster set initiatives to curb these natural calamities. American Red Cross is one of the non-profit organizations that have ensured meeting a wide range of emergency require following disasters. This is always done in the most appropriate manner and on timely basis (Irwin, 2013). The organization runs two key initiatives in California State. These initiatives include the Disaster Preparedness Initiative as well as the Local Disaster Response Initiatives.The Disaster Preparedness Initiative provides support as well as assistance to the citizens of California following a myriad of disasters faced. For instance, the initiative offers support and assistance to the public whe n faced with earthquakes, home fires as well as floods (Irwin, 2013). A good example is the Napa Earthquake that occurred in September the year 2014. The earthquake injured approximately 200 people and destroyed several properties in South Napa.Following this calamity, the Disaster Preparedness Initiative provided health services to the affected individuals. In addition, the initiative provided clothing, relief food, comfort items as well as emotional support to the populations affected. In addition, the initiative plays the significant role of educating the public on several ways of disaster and emergency preparedness (Irwin, 2013). This helps to raise the level of public awareness and participation when faced with such calamities.It is important to be a member of a Disaster Preparedness aggroup for several reasons. From the nursing perspective, such memberships are important in shaping up ones career. This follows that one would be able to gain to a greater extent knowledge as w ell as experience in dealing with such

Source Question on Public Health Reform 1832-1853 Essay Example for Free

citation Question on mankind Health Reform 1832-1853 EssaySources B and C mainly provide similar record for attitudes towards frequent Health and the dangers of an bang of disease in 1849 because they both agree that humans health in certain areas were much worse than those which were asked by the wise Public Health Act. This is clear because Source B refers to, We live in muck and filthe and Source C refers to, We also want sewers and an ample supply of water.They also both agree that there are dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 for Source B refers to, if the Cholera comes lord help us and in Source C, the author claims that, without which no efficient sanitary measures can be carried out, which is referring to the anxiety of disease. Both Sources B and C offer similar evidence because they are both written for the same cause. Sources B and C were both written by people who wanted the Public Health Act to affect their local community due to the poor conditions a nd danger of disease in their areas.They are also both written at very similar dates, Source B having been written in 1848 and Source C having been written in 1849. This is important because public health at this time was known to be imposing and both give a good insight towards the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849. They also both have the same purpose, for they were written for the intention of having the Public Health Act applied to their local areas (both signed by other locals who wanted the Act enforced), meaning that similar evidence would be involved in inquiring for the act.These similarities make Source C more valuable as evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because the petition in Source C was signed by 164 people, whereas Source B was signed by 54 people. However, there are some differences between Sources B and C as evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849.Firstly, both sources provide different evidence, for Source B gives a greater ace of desperation and fear, whereas Source C does not give as much of a sense of desperation. This can be seen when Source B refers to, livin in a wilderness so far as the rest of London knows anything of us whereas Source C only states that, Unlike elsewhere there appears to be a very favourable feeling towards to its (the Public Health Act) adoption.The sources are also written very differently. Source B is written with many spell mistakes and bad grammar, whereas Source C is written in a more formal tone without any spelling mistakes or bad grammar The main agreement why the sources offer different evidence is because they are written by two people from very different backgrounds. Source B is written by someone who has clearly not been educated very well as the letter is written in poor English.This makes the source more valuable as evidence for the attitudes towards Public Health and the dang ers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because it comes from someone who sounds more desperate. Whereas, Source C is written by an active local hapless Law Guardian a middle class man or above, and has been educated. Due to the tone being formal, desperation for the Public Health Act does not come through as clearly as Source B therefore it is not as valuable evidence for the attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849.Source B offers more useful evidence the Source C because not only does it describe conditions of the public health problems and work on across the anxiety of an outbreak of disease in 1849, but also presents more of a sense of desperation due to the illiteracy of the author, for example, The stenche of their gully hole is disgustin We all(prenominal) of us suffer and numbers are ill. Source B is also reliable because it comes from someone who is clearly more desperate for better public health conditions due to the tone.Source C is just as reliable for a Board was secured and he was assisted by Chadwicks favoured engineer. Overall, Source B is more useful than Source C as evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because it describes the public health conditions of his area in greater detail than Source C, and, his evidence is typical to the conditions described at the time. However, together, they provide valuable evidence because both corroborate that public health at the time was appalling and that there were dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849.

The Psychological And Physical Effects Essay Example for Free

The Psychological And Physical Effects EssayDiscuss the psychological and physical effects of bolshie and ruefulness How might an ethical healer incorporate this dealledge into his/her work? Base your answer of the theories and models presented in Module 7. It is a fact of behavior that every individual will buzz off departure and grief at some point in their lives moreover in certain mountain they whitethorn be unaw ar of it. Loss raise educe in many disguises from the easily recognisable bereavement, to redundancy, children leaving theme, divorce, relocation, disfigurement, chronic illness, miscarriage, acquittance of a tightly fitting pet, abortion and others. When a leaf node presents for Counselling, it is vital to be rakish for disadvantagees, both recent and historical, to check if thither are unresolved issues beca go for grief can be easily missed or misinterpreted.Chrysalis (2012) states that there are both ways in which a therapist will encounter the need to work with loss and grief. These are 1) When a thickening presents with a recent loss and their goal is to work by means of the process and realise it, reaching a satisfactory conclusion. 2) When a invitee presents with other symptoms which you then uncover as creation a grief reception. In this case the person may not recognise that their problems are related to grief or unresolved grief in the outgoing. For the purposes of this assignment, loss and grief will be focus primarily on bereavement.Worden (2009) states that the overall goal of grief counselling is to help the survivor adapt to the loss of a love one and adapt to a new honesty without him or her. He goes on to explain that there moldiness be 4 make upments increasing the reality of the loss, dealing with behavioural pain, and helping the customer maintain a bond with the departed while organism comfortable with the new reality. I will now examine the psychological and physical aspects of grief and how a therapist may use grief models and theories in the therapy room and take into regard social and ethical factors.The Physical and Psychological effects of Grief.Before exploring the theories and models of grief, it is grand to be aware of the psychological and physical issues which accompany the grieving process. It is possible hence common that a thickening may present for Counselling on an unrelated issue and on closer examination by thetherapist it becomes unvarnished that the client is in the grief process, and is in fact stuck at a certain stage in this process, or has failed to grieve in the past. There are feelings, cognitive processes, behaviours and physical symptoms which manifest not only in grief but in other psychological issues. It is the job of the Counsellor to make the cogitate between the presenting issue with the unresolved past grief and loss. Many stack will assume that the over-riding feeling associated with grief is sadness and if sadness is not be ing experienced then the issue is not grief. This is most definitely not the case. There is often a ray of emotions that individuals experience, such(prenominal) as anger, frustration, sometimes and a sense of relief.This is not uncommon after the departed has been ill for months or years or if there was a difficult relationship between the deceased and the client. There are several stages to the grief process and each of these stages has distinct range of emotions and feelings. Common feelings surrounding grief are shock, numbness, denial, fear, sense of abandonment, anxiety, anger, guilt, loneliness, pining, relief, tiredness and freedom. The comparable is true for cognitive processes and behaviours which can be frightening and confusing to the client. They include obsessive thoughts, hallucinations or visions of the deceased, denial that the deceased has died or even sensing that the deceased is in the room with the client.Behaviours can be disturbed sleep, loss or a gain in ap petite, forgetfulness, or lack of interest in life, withdrawal from the clients normal network of friends and family, crying, avoidance, restlessness, a idealisation of the deceased and the treasuring of the deceased objects. The deprive can also experience a range of physical symptoms which can be disturbing and frightening and may exacerbate any feelings of anxiety being experienced by the client. These can include tightness in the chest, holl declareess in the stomach, sensitivity to noise, shortness of breath, increased sighting or yawning, feelings that they are going to collapse, a sense of disconnectedness from others and the external world.In such cases, it is important as a Counsellor that the client is encourage to visit their G.P. if theIR symptoms become serious or a cause for concern. Sometimes clients need reassurance that their symptoms are normal reactions to the grieving process and that the physical symptoms will pass in time. The physical symptoms of grief can m imic picture but there is a difference. Freud believed that in grief the world looks poor andempty to the client, wheres in depression the person feels poor and empty themselves.The Theories and Models employ in Therapy.These cook been many theories and models proposed by psychologists over the years, these include works by Bowlby, Worden, Murray Parkes and Kubler Ross among others. Bowlby (1907 to 1990) believed that in psychoanalysis the therapist is too arouse in fantasy and not sufficiently interested in the present environment and events of the clients current life. Bowlby tried to understand the human tendency to attach to others. He went on to study the reaction of infants when they are separated from their mother and what occurs when this bond is threatened or broken, (he went on in the 1950s he published his Attachment Theory). His ideas on separation retort could be said to be the underpinning theory of bereavement. Chryslais (2012) explains the three stages of separ ation response1) Protest (related to separation anxiety)2) Despair (relating to grief and mourning)3) Detachment or denial (related to defence).The models and theories used by psychologists present grief as a curve and that the grieving process (sometimes expressed as phrases or stages) must be worked through. Worden explains that he chooses to use the word tasks because he finds it more useful for the clinician phrases or stages imply certain passivity, something that the mourner must pass through. The tasks concept on the other hand, can stage the mourner a sense of leverage and hope that there is something that he or she can actively do to adapt to the death of a loved one. As there are a lot of similarities between the theories on grief, I will focus on Wordens tasks of mourning. He describes four tasks through which the bereaved must work through1) To accept the reality of the loss (that the deceased will not return). 2) To process the pain of grief, the pain associated with t he grief must be worked through. If there is avoidance or suppression then this will be carried through life to surface at a later date. 3) To adjust to a world without the deceased. This will differ from client to client depending onthe type of loss and what the deceased provided for the bereaved. Parkes (1972), explains, it is seldom clear exactly what is lost. A loss of partner may or may not mean the loss of a sexual partner, companion, accountant, gardener, someone to help with the children this will obviously depend on the particular roles normally performed by their deceased partner. There are also the financial consequences of losing a partner which can cause a lot of get to and anxiety for the client which also create further change in the clients lifestyle.4) To find an enduring connection with the deceased in the thick of embarking on a new life, the Counsellors role is not to help the bereaved give up their relationship with the deceased but to help them find an seize place for the person they have lost in their emotional lives, a place that will enable them to go on living effectively in the world. I have discussed already that some people who present for therapy may be unaware that they are experiencing a grief reaction at all. Others, who have get togethered a recent loss may not understand the grief process, particularly if this is the premiere time grief has been experienced. It is appropriate to ask the client this during the therapy, to escort how grief will be handled and whether there is previous grief that is unresolved, which could signify knotty grief as being a problem. To help the client understand the grieving process, the grief curve is a visual tool which can be employed in the therapy room and given to the client to take home with them.The therapist can ask the client if explaining to them about the grieving process would be useful. The curve plots the emotions over the time which the client can expect to experience followi ng bereavement and confirms to the client that the feelings and reactions they are experiencing are entirely normal. The disadvantage of actually showing the client an illustration of the grief curve is that the client may start to put pressure on themselves where they feel they should be at this stage of the grieving process The curve begins at the time the loss was first-class honours degree experienced and then continues until the point of colony. That is to say, when Wordens fourth task has been completed and the mourner is able to reminisce and remember the deceased while forging a new life for themselves. This process does not have a time limit, Chrysalis (2012), explains that the time it takes for a person to complete the process will depend on the situation, the clients previous experience of grief and the environment they are livingin.Worden (2009) states in order to understand how somebody is going to grieve, you need to know if he or she has had previous losses and the circumstances they were grieved. Did they grieve adequately or does the individual bring to the new loss a lack of resolution from a previous loss The grieving process is not li progress and the client is likely to move forwards and backwardss through the emotions depicted on the loss curve. This can be very confusing and frustrating for the client, who may believe that they beginning to move forward only to take a backward step. This can be explained to the client as a perfectly normal and expected part of the grieving process and although it may seem frustrating and ambitious at times, the overall motion is one towards resolution, even if it is two steps forward and one step back.As previously mentioned the grief curve plots the emotions the client is likely to experience during the process. It can be very useful to ask the name of the emotion that they are feeling in order to bring it to the clients full awareness. Wordens first task of mourning is to actualise the loss because the process cannot start without full realisation and confrontation of this fact. He states, the first task is to come to a more complete awareness that the loss actually occurred and the person is dead and will not return. Survivors must accept this reality before they can deal with the emotional impact of the loss. He goes on to say on occasions the Counsellor needs to use language that reminds the client that the deceased has died. This language can help clients with reality issues surrounding the loss and stimulate some of the painful feelings that need to be felt.As can be observed in Appendix 1, the emotions on the curve begin with shock. concord to Chrysalis (2012) shock is an emotional defence mechanism which allows the situation to dip slowly into the bereaved awareness in order to protect them from emotional overload. It is a very difficult time and in reality it is not until this stage is over that people usually present for Counselling, unless they have become stuck he re. The second stage is separation and pain, during which time there will be periods of very deep darkness and periods of easier times. The client may report dreams and hallucinations of the deceased and exhibit searching behaviours.The next stage is despair, during which the client, may experience manyfeelings and emotions to understand. It can be accompanied by depression and lack of concentration or inability to focus on everyday tasks. People in this despair stage may feel unable to knead and may say things like I can see no way ahead and no way out of this. Acceptance comes next on the curve and is the beginning of the upward slope towards resolution. Chrysalis (2012) explains that it is important to note that the client will often reach intellectual credence before emotional acceptance and can experience mood swings and depressions associated with despair at times. At this point, the client may feel able to begin to adjust to a new life, but may feel guilty and need reassura nce and permission from the Counsellor.The final stage is resolution during which time the client will be able to make plans for the incoming and has found a place for the deceased to be remembered with happiness. The above is a representation of a normal grief process (although it is widely accepted that there is no norm), but there can be obstacles which can complicate the process and this is kn hold as Complex Grief. Clients may have unresolved issues from their past which may be affecting the grieving process or stopping it altogether. This is why the therapist must check for unresolved grief in the past. According to Chrysalis (2012) the factors which should be taken into account are 1) The nature of the attachment (is there an ambivalent attachment or conflict with the deceased). 2) Method of death (including socially insufferable deaths such as suicide, violent deaths, missing persons and in other dramatic circumstances). 3) Historical unresolved grief.4) Personality, how e asily does the client assimilate change 5) Social variables, how is grief handled in the clients culture or faith 6) Concurrent stresses (is the bereavement around the same time as other major life stresses such as relationship breakdown, loss of work, a close relative has a chronic ill and the client is the main carer giver, moving house). 7) What support outline (friends and family) does the bereaved haveThere are four types of complex grief these are1) Chronic grief, where the client is unable to find resolution 2) Delayed grief, the client has unresolved grief from the past and a present loss triggers the grieving process. 3) Exaggerated grief, the client mayuse maladaptive behaviours such as drugs and alcohol, suffer general chronic anxiety, clinical depression. If a client is struggling to cope with difficult emotions then they may find outlets to help them manage. 4) Masked grief, the client does not link the symptoms to the grieving process. This is why the Counsellor must check when working with a client that their presenting issue is not masking unresolved grief. Ethical FactorsIt is widely accepted that a Person Centred Counselling approach is required when working with grief. The process cannot be hurried and each person will take their own time to work through the curve. All that may be necessary is the holding of the client and allowing them to work through the process. This means allowing the client to take their own time, to create a safe space for the client to explore their emotions, to reassure the client that what they are feeling is normal and to be a non-judgemental listener.Inventions however, must be carefully planned and only used towards the end of the grieving process when the client is nearing resolution and has the expertness to take them on board. It is important to recognise that clients may display displacement activities or using defence mechanisms. In a normal therapeutic session this behaviour would often be challenged but in this instance it is often advisable to continue to support the client without challenging their behaviour, as the client may not have the reserve or strength to confront them at the current time.ConclusionGrief and loss is something that will be experienced by everyone at some point in their lives. Counsellors and psychologists by and large agree that grief is a process and generally follows a curve. It can take approximately two years to work through (for someone close to the client) but obviously varies for each individual and this does not include complex grief. A variety of emotions will be experienced by the bereaved. The curve is organic, message that the bereaved is likely to move forwards and backwards through these until resolution is reached.The way grief is handled depends on a variety of factors unique to the individual. Grief can be normal or described as complex. Factors associated with complex grief I have mentioned previously in thisassignment, such as the circu mstances of the deceaseds death, the importance of the relationship between the deceased and the client, the depth of the attachment between the two, how stressed was the client prior to this loss Another important factor does the bereaved have the opportunity to express their grief or do they feel pressured to supress their emotions. An example of this, would be a mother who has lost their partner and has dependent children and feels that in order to appear strong, that she must soldier on without the opportunity to express her own emotions around the loss.There are four types of complex grief, chronic, delayed, exaggerated and masked, the therapist must use their skills to determine whether the client who presents for an unrelated issue actually has an unresolved grief issue in their past. Tools can be used in the therapy room to aid the process. These could include asking the client to draw their own grief curve or ask them to write to the deceased. A person centred approach is n ecessary to give the client space and time to process the loss in safety. Interventions can be kept to minimum unless near resolution and the client has progressed along the grief curve and has the strength to handle them.